Friday, June 21, 2024

How to set umask:

How to set umask:

=============================

vi /etc/profile

if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then

    umask 002

else

    umask 022

fi


and also add umask in /etc/bashrc


if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then

    umask 002

else

    umask 022

fi

[root@hnm etc]$ grep umask /etc/profile

    umask 002

    umask 022

[root@hnm etc]$ grep umask /etc/bashrc

    # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell.

       umask 002

       umask 022

[root@hnm etc]$

                                                Thanks : Harihar Mishra

Why Artificial Intelligence (AI) is Important for Information Technology (IT) Industry..???

 Why Artificial Intelligence (AI) is Important for Information Technology (IT) Industry..???


1. AI is set to revolutionize the IT industry by automating repetitive tasks, enabling more efficient workflows, and freeing up human talent for higher-value work.

2. AI's ability to analyze vast amounts of data in real time will lead to better decision-making and enhanced problem-solving capabilities in IT.

3. As the demand for advanced technologies like machine learning and natural language processing grows, AI will play a crucial role in driving innovation and competitive advantage in the IT sector.

4. Embracing AI will not only improve operational efficiency but also lead to the development of new AI-driven products and services, opening up exciting opportunities in the IT industry.

5. To stay ahead in the rapidly evolving IT landscape, organizations need to embrace AI to unlock its potential for growth, productivity, and innovation.

Thanks
Harihar Mishra

12 Ways to Find User Account Details and Login Details in Linux

 

                                                          Thanks: Harihar Mishra

                                                           

Monday, February 20, 2023

How to remove the older versions of a package which has multiple versions installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 & 7 ?

 



Issue

  • How to remove the older versions of a package which has multiple versions installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux?

  • After a failed yum transaction, yum-complete-transaction fails to complete and the duplicates are still present.

  • yum fails with <package_name-version1> is a duplicate with <package_name-version2>

  • package-cleanup --cleandupes fails with Error: Depsolving loop limit reached


Resolution

1) Try to complete the transaction

2) Manually remove duplicates

3) Identify remaining rpm corruption


Solution for only  RHEL 6,7.

Before manually removing the duplicates, confirm if yum-complete-transaction will resolve the issue.

# yum-complete-transaction

If this completes successfully, so long as there are no further duplicates, you do not need to run the remaining steps.

If there are no duplicates, we can clear this message with the --cleanup-only option

# yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only

yum check can take quite a while but the output is necessary for these steps

# tar cjf /tmp/rpm_db.tar.bz2 /var/lib/{rpm,yum}

# yum check &> /tmp/yumcheck

# grep "duplicate" /tmp/yumcheck | awk '{ print $NF }' | egrep -v "\:" > /tmp/duplicaterpms

# grep "duplicate" /tmp/yumcheck | awk '{ print $NF }' | egrep ":" | awk -F':' '{ print $NF }' >> /tmp/duplicaterpms

# for i in $(cat /tmp/duplicaterpms); do rpm -e --justdb --nodeps $i; done

# yum update

After removing the Duplicates

If a new kernel was part of the transaction that failed, you may have to reinstall that kernel as well to generate the correct grub entries and initrd/initramfs.




# yum remove kernel-<newversion>-<release>.<arch>
# yum install kernel-<newversion>-<release>.<arch>

                         Thanks: Harihar Mishra


Sunday, February 19, 2023

How AWS is helping to companies ? and Why do Big Industries Like Netflix, Hotstar, EPIC Games and Many more Use AWS..?

 









What Is AWS Exactly?

AWS is made up of many different cloud computing products and services. The highly profitable division of Amazon provides servers, storage, networking, remote computing, email, mobile development, and security. AWS can be broken into three main products: EC2, Amazon’s virtual machine service, Glacier, a low-cost cloud storage service, and S3, Amazon’s storage system.

Why do Big Industries Like Netflix, Hotstar, EPIC Games and Many more Use AWS..?

Due to the below reasons, AWS is the leading cloud platform

1) Most functionality.

AWS has significantly more services, and more features within those services, than any other cloud provider–from infrastructure technologies like compute, storage, and databases–to emerging technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, data lakes and analytics, and Internet of Things. This makes it faster, easier, and more cost-effective to move your existing applications to the cloud and build nearly anything you can imagine.

AWS also has the deepest functionality within those services. For example, AWS offers the widest variety of databases that are purpose-built for different applications, so you can choose the right tool for the job to get the best cost and performance.

2) The largest community of customers and partners.

AWS has the largest and most dynamic community, with millions of active customers and tens of thousands of partners globally. Customers across virtually every industry and of every size, including startups, enterprises, and public sector organizations, are running every imaginable use case on AWS. The AWS Partner Network (APN) includes thousands of systems integrators who specialize in AWS services and tens of thousands of independent software vendors (ISVs) who adapt their technology to work on AWS. 

3) Most secure.

AWS is architected to be the most flexible and secure cloud computing environment available today. Our core infrastructure is built to satisfy the security requirements of the military, global banks, and other high-sensitivity organizations. This is backed by a deep set of cloud security tools, with over 300+ security, compliance, and governance services and features. AWS supports 100+ security standards and compliance certifications, and all 120+ AWS services that store customer data offer the ability to encrypt that data.

4) Fastest pace of innovation.

With AWS, you can leverage the latest technologies to experiment and innovate more quickly. We are continually accelerating our pace of innovation to invent entirely new technologies you can use to transform your business. For example, in 2014, AWS pioneered the Serverless computing space with the launch of AWS Lambda, which lets developers run their code without provisioning or managing servers. 

5) Most proven operational expertise.

AWS has unmatched experience, maturity, reliability, security, and performance that you can depend upon for your most important applications. For over 16+ years, AWS has been delivering cloud services to millions of customers around the world running a wide variety of use cases. AWS has the most operational experience, at a greater scale, of any cloud provider.


How AWS Can Help Your Business …???


AWS helps you reduce costs, accelerate your cloud migration, and modernize legacy applications with an outcome-driven methodology through the AWS Migration Acceleration Program.


Five Ways Amazon Web Services Can Help Your Business.

First Way: Power your startup.

If you’re hoping to move forward with a brand-new startup, look into the startup services AWS offers.

AWS Activate.

AWS Support.

AWS Promotional Credits.


Second Way: Develop your website.

AWS can help you boost your online presence. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to create your own web app by selecting a name and platform for your environment. You can also host your website on AWS itself with the option of running it with or without a web server. AWS also allows you to name and register your own domain for your website. 


Third Way: Create mobile applications.

Now your web presence is up and running but what about your phone presence? AWS can take care of it. Configure features for your apps by developing user authentication, data storage, backend logic, push notifications, content delivery, and analytics. And after creating your apps, AWS also allows you to test your apps on real devices so you can improve app performance. 


Fourth Way: Expand your storage.

AWS offers storage services that give you access to whatever amount of storage you need. You can control who has access to the storage and use the services to build big data, analytics, transcoding, and archive applications.


Fifth Way: Build big data.

As your company grows, you may need a big data application to support your data's volume, velocity, and variety. Fortunately, AWS offers services that allow you to quickly scale any big data application including data warehousing, clickstream analytics, fraud detection, recommendation engines, Serverless computing, and internet-of-things processing. The best part is you can access as many of these resources as you need and only pay for what you end up using. The best example of HOTSTAR.


                                                                                               Thanks: Harihar Mishra

                                                       





Wednesday, September 30, 2020

Linux Interview questions with answers Part-02

Question1 : What is the default permission on user's home directory?

Ans: 

700

Question2 :What is the difference between .bash_profile and .bashrc?

Ans: 

Every time you login to a Linux (Red Hat) machine .bash_profile file is executed.

but In case you are already logged in and you open a new terminal then .bashrc file is executed.


Question3 :Explain each field of /etc/passwd.

Ans: 

hnm:x:512:512:User:/home/hnm:/bin/bash

1st field: username

2nd field: x tells that an encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow

3rd field: uid

4th field: gid

5th field: Description

6th field: home directory

7th field: default login shell


Question4 :How to change primary group for any user?

Ans: 

usermod -g groupname  username


Question5 :If I delete a user(hnm), does it's home directory gets deleted? If not then what is the command to delete the home directory of user along with the user

Ans: No, home directory will not deleted.

Below command is to delete the home directory of user along with user.

# userdel -r username


MS-Outlook Rules & alerts Creation

  

Step 1 Open the Outlook and click on File option.

 



 Step 2: Click on Manage Rules & alerts option.

 


 Step 3: Click on New Rules


Step 4: Select the templates as required.


 Step 5:Select Move messages from some one to a folder.

Step 6: Click people or public group option for mail selection. Type the mail ID From example as  Example.one.com and click OK button.



Step 7: Click on Specified Folder option for Specific folder selection or creation.

 

Step 8: Go to button New and click on it .Automatically open a new window for specified folder creation. Type the folder name and click on Ok button.

 


Step 9: Specified folder has been created then click on ok button.

 


Step 10: Next and Next and Next.


Step 11: Next and Click on Finish button.


Step 12: Rules has been created Click on Apply and Ok button.


 


 Step 13: Now Rule has been created and displaying on your Inbox.

 



 

                                                        Thanks: Harihar Mishra: 8400998404

Sunday, July 26, 2020

Access Control List(ACL)







                                                     Thanks: Harihar Mishra